englishvideo.ru

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners. One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot. Researchers from the JKM Technologies company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect... 

 Далее »

 Далее »

 Далее »

 Далее »

 Далее »

 Далее »

 Далее »

People since ancient times have used aspirin-like medicines to fight pain and reduce high body temperature. Modern research has found other uses for aspirin. The drug acts as a blood thinner. It can help blood flow past a blockage in an artery. Blockages can cause heart attacks or strokes. As a result, patients at risk of blockages might be advised by their doctors to take a low-strength aspirin every day. And research continues. A new study has shown that aspirin can improve survival in colon cancer patients.It involved about one thousand three hundred patients with colorectal cancer. The cancer... 

The next time you think about going without sleep, consider this: Laboratory animals that are kept awake for long periods of time ... die. Yet sleep scientist Ying-Hui Fu at the University of California, San Francisco, says little is known about the basic need for sleep. She says: «We do not know why some humans need more sleep; why some humans need less sleep; why, when we do not sleep, we do not function well.» But here is something that scientists now know: A team led by Professor Fu has reported the first genetic link to how much sleep we need. The team was looking for a natural... 

If using your voice is difficult, then you know what dysphonia is. The more common name for this disorder is hoarseness. Experts say about one in three people will become hoarse at some point in their lives. Infections, smoking and using your voice too much, too loudly or just incorrectly can all cause hoarseness. It happens more commonly in women, children, the elderly and those who use their voice a lot in their jobs. Now, doctors have the first treatment guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. The new guidelines recognize that most... 

Human genes are normally organized along forty-six chromosomes in our cells, twenty-three from each parent. But some people are born with an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome. This third copy is a result of a mistake in cell division. The name for this condition is Down syndrome. A British doctor named John Langdon Down first described it in the eighteen sixties. An estimated three hundred fifty thousand people in the United States have Down syndrome. Many babies with Down syndrome have low muscle tone, so they need extra support when they are held. Their heads are smaller than average... 

A.D.H.D. is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Children with A.D.H.D. might have trouble paying attention. They might not seem to listen. They might forget things. They might not be able to stay seated or play quietly. They might talk too much. And they might act and speak without thinking about the results of their behavior. These are among the signs listed on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States.Doctors usually identify A.D.H.D. in children. But experts say the behaviors often last into adulthood. Researchers have been looking for the cause... 

Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to problems like rickets and osteoporosis. Rickets is a deformity mainly found in children. Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone, a common problem as people, especially women, get older. Studies in recent years have suggested that vitamin D may also have other uses. Studies have shown that low levels of D may increase the risk of heart attacks in men and deaths from some cancers. Other studies have shown that people with rheumatic diseases often have low levels of D. The easiest way to get vitamin D is... 

Three scientists based in the United States have won the two thousand nine Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. They are being honored for their work in the nineteen eighties about the health of cells and the aging process. The winners are Elizabeth Blackburn from the University of California, San Francisco; Jack Szostak from Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts and Carol Greider from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. They will share the one million four hundred thousand dollar prize. The scientists' work begins with telomeres. These are like protective coverings on the ends of chromosomes.... 

Pope Benedict named five new saints in October, including a Catholic clergyman who cared for people in a leper colony. Father Damien was born Joseph De Veuster in Belgium. In eighteen seventy-three he went to the Hawaiian island of Molokai. After several years of working in the colony, he himself developed leprosy. Father Damien died in eighteen eighty-nine. He was forty-nine years old. Leprosy — also called Hansen's disease — is a bacterial disease that causes skin wounds and nerve damage. The disease can severely disfigure victims and cause death. Untreated patients... 

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study. They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally.... 

A concussion happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike to the head in sports. Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury. Computed tomography provides a detailed image of the brain. But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way. A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed... 

In nineteen eighty-seven, H.I.V./AIDS joined a list of diseases that could keep a person out of the United States. The government later tried to cancel its decision. But Congress made the travel ban a part of immigration law. People with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, could seek an exception, but that meant extra work. Last year, Congress and President George W. Bush began the process of ending the travel ban. Now President Obama is finishing that process. A final rule published November second will end the travel ban effective January fourth. H.I.V. will no longer be a condition that can... 

An influential group of medical experts released new guidelines on testing for breast cancer on November sixteenth. The guidelines are from the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Its members are appointed by the government but its recommendations are independent. The new guidelines appear in the Annals of Internal Medicine. One of the biggest changes is that the task force now advises against mammograms for most women under fifty years old. In two thousand two the group had suggested such screening tests every one to two years for women forty and older. The new guidelines also say...